The Darbut ophiolite in West Junggar is covered unconformably by sedimentary-volcanic series of Tailegula Formation in Sartohay region. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircons from dacite gives the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean age of 349±2 Ma, indicating that the Tailegula Formation was formed in Tournaisian of Early Carboniferous. The dacites show right-oriented linear REE patterns with LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomaly. In trace element primitive mantle normalized diagram, the standardized abundance of all samples increase as rising of the element incompatibility. The average Sr, Sr/Y, and La/Yb of dacites in Tailegula Formation are 195 μg/g, 5.2 and 4.6, respectively, much less than those of classic arc dacites and adakites. Combined with low-grade deformation and metamorphism, the dacites in Tailegula Formation are suggested to erupt in rift environment.

Granitoids in the late stage of the Mesoproterozoic along the north margin of the North China plate, are composed of biotite granites, tonalites, granodiorites and monzonitic granites. They exhibit the features of peraluminous granites, A/CNK>1.1, and are characterized by higher SiO₂, K₂O and low FeO, MgO, CaO, TiO₂, also higher Rb, K, Ta, Nd, Hf and low Nb, Sr, P, Ti in trace and minor elements. They have strong differentiation between LREE and HREE (La/Yb)_N=6.61-64.63. REE patterns have middle negative Eu anomalies. The granitoid belt is approximately EW-trenging and parallel to Mesoproterozoic island arc belt of Bainaimiao group and Weijiagou rock group and ophiolite mélanges belt of Kaiyuan rock group. The new geochemical data suggest that the Mesoproterozoic granitoids in middle segment of north margin of the North China Plate belong to syn-collisional S-type granitoids.They were produced during processes of subduction and collision between the North China Plate and Xiberia Plate in the late stage of Mesoproterozoic. This collisional event in the North China Plate may provide an essential constraint to the aggregation between the plate and others of supercontinental Rodinia.

There are two ophiolite belts, Armantai and Kelamaili ophiolite belts, in northeastern border of the Junggar basin, Xinjiang. Ages of the ophiolite and geological time of their emplacement of these two ophiolite belts are still not clear though many research works have be done since 1981. According to new data of isotopic age determination, microfossils in the ophiolite suite and regional tectonic analysis, this paper get following new knowledge: geologic time of development of these two palaeo-oceans representing by two ophiolite belts were close, and it might be from late Neo-proterozoic to early Silurian. The nascent oceans were formed in late Neo-proterozoic. The oceans were in a period of great prosperity from Cambrian to early-middle Ordovician. And they were withered and closed from late Ordovician to early Silurian. This new knowledge is important to reconstruction of Palaeo-Asian Ocean and understand continental crust evolution of Northern Xinjiang.

Traditional tectonic ideas are that the orogenic belts in the northern Xinjiang were formed mainly in the late Paleozoic. However, new data show that there is almost continuous early Paleozoic orogenic belt surrounding the Junggar Basin. The facts will change the traditional idea which only emphasizes the late Paleozoic orogenesis. According to the new data, authors reconstructed the early Paleozoic geologic evolution of the Northern Xinjiang. The Junggar and adjacent old lands began to breakup in the Sinian period. The ancient ocean between those old lands came up to the biggest size at early Ordovician. The inferential Junggar old land often situated below sea level in the period of cracking and spreading of the old land. The ancient ocean of the Northern Xinjiang began to shrink and the old continental margin became active margin in the late Ordovician. Then, convergence, collision and orogenesis were took place among the Junggar, Yili and Siberia old lands. The late Ordovician and early middle Silurian forearc or back arc foreland basins might develop on the side of earn Junggar old land of the early Paleozoic orogenic belts.

The paper reviews the history of the earth science, that is, it began from understanding a certain area and a geological process, through a long accumulation of knowledge, than developed a huge system of knowledge. In particular, the paper also discusses three leaps of knowledge on the earth science during the 20th century. From two sides, development of geology and new challenge, the paper discusses inevitability of emergence, present situation and future development of a new and high level comprehensive discipline dealing with material system of the earth. In order to suit development of discipline and new mission, the authors from geological point of view suggest some adjustment measure, such as, enhancing research work to the modern and present geological process, enhancing cross and osmosis with close discipline, reforming teaching methods and adjusting higher geological education and so on.

The paper reviews the history of the earth science, that is, it began from understanding a certain area and a geological process, through a long accumulation of knowledge, than developed a huge system of knowledge. In particular, the paper also discusses three leaps of knowledge on the earth science during the 20th century. From two sides, development of geology and new challenge, the paper discusses inevitability of emergence, present situation and future development of a new and high level comprehensive discipline dealing with material system of the earth. In order to suit development of discipline and new mission, the authors from geological point of view suggest some adjustment measure, such as, enhancing research work to the modern and present geological process, enhancing cross and osmosis with close discipline, reforming teaching methods and adjusting higher geological education and so on.